Item

Observation group (n = 33)

Control group (n = 33)

Increased learning efficiency and motivation

31/33*

20/33

Deepened understanding of the disease

30/33*

17/33

Enhancement of interest in further study

29/33*

16/33

Improved physical examination and history taking skills

31/33*

18/33

Improved clinical thinking skills

30/33*

14/33

Recognition of the teaching model

30/33*

15/33