| Mode of languages | Before participating in the study (n, %) | After participating in the study (n, %) | Total before and after participating in the study (n, %) |
| Meta-language | 52 (13%) | 97 (21%) | 149 (17%) |
| Pseudo-meta-language | 120 (31%) | 114 (25%) | 234 (28%) |
| Everyday language | 219 (56%) | 245 (54%) | 464 (55%) |
| Total | 391 (100%) | 456 (100%) | 847 (100%) |