MAC/E Scale

Average (median) Pre-test

Average (median) Post-test

Significance of the Wilcoxon Test

Precontemplation

8.19 (9)

5.56 (6)

p < 0.001

Contemplation

6.49 (7)

7.37 (7)

p < 0.01

Preparation

3.74 (2)

6.07 (6)

p < 0.001

Action

3.68 (0)

5.93 (5)

p < 0.001

Discrepancy

3.63 (1)

5.77 (5)

p < 0.001

Self-efficacy

4.25 (3)

5.79 (5)

p < 0.001

Reliability

9.98 (10)

9.44 (10)

p < 0.05