Dimensions

Impact category

Impact mechanisms

Stakeholder citation

Economic

Better technical

extension support

-Timely access to agricultural inputs

-Adoption of improved agricultural methods taught via extension and training.

TIMB; MoA; EMA; FCZ; ZFU; ZLTC; NT; Pr; TZ; Sha; EBZ; RV; STF

High farm income

-Tobacco has a high market price

-Global market and paid in United States Dollars ($US).

TIMB; MoA; EMA; FCZ; ZFU; ZLTC; NT; Pr; TZ; Sha; EBZ; RV

Better access to credit

-Better access to market, credit, and financial schemes under contract farming.

TIMB; MoA; EMA; FCZ; ZFU; ZLTC; NT; Pr; TZ; Sha; EBZ; RV; STF

Social

Food security

-Improve household nutrition due to high farm income and crop diversification.

TIMB; MoA; EMA; FCZ; ZFU; ZLTC; NT; Pr; TZ; Sha; EBZ; RV; STF

Child labor breaches

-High child labor violations by farmers due to unstable economic conditions.

-Mechanisms have been established to monitor child labor violations, yet children frequently assist their parents on tobacco farms.

TIMB; MoA; FCZ; ZFU; ZLTC; NT; Pr; TZ; Sha; EBZ; RV; STF

Nutrition

-Adoption of tobacco cultivation leads to the reallocation of food croplands for tobacco production, which has negative implications for food prices and food security.

TIMB; MoA; EMA; FCZ; ZFU; ZLTC; NT; Pr; TZ; Sha; RV; STF

Green Tobacco

Sickness (GTS)

-GTS is a uniquely tobacco-related health issue caused by nicotine dermal absorption due to skin contact with tobacco leaves.

TIMB; ZFU; EBZ; STF

Exposure to Pesticides and Other Chemicals

-Due to the increased need for agrochemicals, tobacco farmers are exposed to high levels of chemicals.

-Tobacco farmers’ exposure to agrochemicals has been linked to a small number of incidences of cutaneous and respiratory disorders.

TIMB; ZFU; EBZ; STF TZ; Sha;

Environment

Biodiversity loss

-Deforestation for tobacco curing has severe environmental repercussions, including the loss of biodiversity.

TIMB; MoA EMA; FCZ; ZFU; ZLTC; NT; Pr; TZ; Sha; EBZ; RV; STF

Deforestation

-Tobacco contributes to deforestation by clearing forests for the wood fuel necessary for curing tobacco.

TIMB; MoA EMA; FCZ; ZFU; ZLTC; NT; Pr; TZ; Sha; EBZ; RV; STF

Pollution

-Tobacco is responsible for environmental pollution due to the extensive use of agrochemicals, which include pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, fumigants, and chemical fertilizers).

TIMB; MoA; MoH; EMA; FCZ; ZFU; ZLTC; NT; Pr; TZ; Sha; EBZ; RV; STF

Soil degradation

-Tobacco reduces soil quality as overuse of agrochemicals destroys the organisms that are necessary for maintaining healthy soils.

TIMB; MoA; EMA; FCZ; ZFU; ZLTC; NT; Pr; TZ; EBZ; RV; STF

Forest recovery

-Afforestation projects have intensified because of the growth of the tobacco industry.

TIMB; MoA; EMA; FCZ; ZFU; ZLTC; NT; Pr; TZ; Sha; EBZ; STF