Classification

Operation

Conventional knife

Hybrid knife

References

Cases

Average

time (min)

Hemorrhage (%)

Perforation (%)

cases

Average time (min)

Hemorrhage (%)

Perforation (%)

Clinical trial

ESD

34

57.2

2.94

5.88

49

41.3

0

4.08

[29]

ESD

59

35.0

4.85

3.39

58

27.5

1.64

1.72

[3]

ESD

39

44.0

7.70

5.13

39

27.0

7.70

2.56

[18]

STER

15

78.7

40.67

0

16

50.5

22.69

0

[30]

POEM

50

35.9

0

0.02

50

22.9

0

0

[8]

Animal experiment

ESD

6

58.32

58.33

22.17

6

47.18

47.17

2.84

[31]

ESD

20

68.7

20

10

30

44.6

13

13

[4]

ESD

13

9.5

23.08

0

14

8.0

14.29

7.14

[32]