Study characteristics

18

For each study, present characteristics for which data were extracted (e.g., study size, PICOS, follow-up period) and provide the citations.

Results (paragraph on

characteristics of included studies) and Table 1

Risk of bias within studies

19

Present data on risk of bias of each study and, if available, any outcome level assessment (see item 12).

Results (paragraph on characteristics of included studies) and Table 1

Results of individual studies

20

For all outcomes considered (benefits or harms), present, for each study: a) simple summary data for each intervention group b) effect estimates and confidence intervals, ideally with a forest plot.

Results (paragraph on characteristics of included studies), Table 2, Figure 2, Table S2, Figure S1

Synthesis of results

21

Present the main results of the review. If meta-analyses are done, include for each, confidence intervals and measures of consistency

Results (paragraph on effect of IPP/VPP on blood pressure)

Risk of bias across studies

22

Present results of any assessment of risk of bias across studies (see Item 15).

Results (paragraph on influence of individual studies and publication bias), Figure 7 and Figure S4

Additional analysis

23

Give results of additional analyses, if done (e.g., sensitivity or subgroup analyses, meta-regression [see Item 16]).

Results (paragraph on exploration of heterogeneity & subgroup meta-analyses), Figures 3-6, Figures S2 and Figures S3

DISCUSSION

Summary of evidence

24

Summarize the main findings including the strength of evidence for each main outcome; consider their relevance to key groups (e.g., healthcare providers, users, and policy makers).

Discussion

Limitations

25

Discuss limitations at study and outcome level (e.g., risk of bias), and at review-level (e.g., incomplete retrieval of identified research, reporting bias).

Discussion

Conclusions

26

Provide a general interpretation of the results in the context of other evidence, and implications for future research.

Discussion

FUNDING

Funding

27

Describe sources of funding for the systematic review and other support (e.g., supply of data); role of funders for the systematic review.

Paragraph on acknowledgments