| Mean ± SD | ||
Age | 43 ± 7.80 | ||
Height | 156.83 ± 8.51 | ||
Weight | 79.49 ± 14.10 | ||
BMI | 32 ± 3.50 | ||
BMD lumbar spine (g/cm2) | 0.9 ± 0.17 | ||
BMD femoral neck (g/cm2) | 0.8 ± 0.15 | ||
T-score BMD L | −1.15 ± 1.2 | ||
T-score BMD N | −1.17 ± 1.2 | ||
BMDL | Normal | 8 (26.7%) | |
Osteopenia | 17 (56.7%) | ||
Osteoporosis | 5 (16.7%) | ||
BMDN | Normal | 11 (36.7%) | |
Osteopenia | 14 (46.7%) | ||
Osteoporosis | 5 (16.7%) | ||
Exposed to sunlight ≥ 2 times/week | 17 (57%) | ||
Number of pregnancies ≥ 3 | 18(60%) | ||
Breastfeeding duration (Month) | 16 (53%) | ||
Irregular menstrual cycles (+) Irregular menstrual cycles (−) | 21 (70%) 9 (30%) | ||
Regular exercise ≥ 10 min/day | 18 (60%) | ||
Smoking (+) Smoking (−) | 2 (7%) 28 (93)% | ||
Chronic diseases Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and thyroid disease | 1 (3.3%) | ||
Supplement use Calcium and vitamin D | 20 (67%) | ||
Dairy product consumption ≥ 2 cups/day | 19 (63%) | ||
Caffeine (coffee and tea) consumption ≥ 3 cups/day | 12 (40%) | ||
Soft drinks ≥ cup/day | 5 (17%) | ||