Pérez-Escamilla et al. 2014

32320

representative; general population

Mexico

Case-control

self-reported doctor diagnoses of diabetes or hypertension

Modified version of the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale

FI was a risk factor for type 2 diabetes among women (p = 0.005) but not men (p = 0.349), and for hypertension across genders (women p = 0.037, men p = 0.072).

Sattler and Bhargava 2016

2944

representative; adolescents only

USA

Cross-sectional

fasting plasma glucose and 2 hour plasma glucose following an OGTT, total cholesterol, BP, HbA1c

HFSSM

FI not associated with glucose, cholesterol, BP, or HbA1c in bivariate analyses.

Sattler and Lee 2013

664

convenience; older Americans enrolled or waitlisted for Older Americans Act Nutrition Program

USA

longitudinal

Blood glucose, total cholesterol, BP, healthy diet, BMI, smoking, and physical activity

HFSSM

People with persistent FI over the 8-month period were more likely to report being diagnosed with coronary heart disease and diabetes, and to practice cost-related medication nonadherence (all p < 0.05).

Seligman et al. 2007

4423

representative; general population

USA

Cross-sectional

self report and fasting serum glucose

HFSSM

Diabetes prevalence was higher in severely FI groups after adjusting for sociodemographics, physical activity level, and BMI (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1 - 4.0, p = 0.02).

Seligman et al. 2010

40

convenience; low-income adults with type 2 diabetes

USA

Cross-sectional

HbA1c

HFSSM, short form

FI was associated with inadequate diabetes control (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.05 - 1.7), and average HbA1c was higher, though not statistically significant.

Seligman et al. 2012

711

convenience; people with type 2 diabetes in safety net health clinics

USA

Cross-sectional

HbA1c

HFSSM

FI is an independent risk factor for poor glycemic control (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.07 - 2.04), possibly through the mechanisms of difficulty following a diabetic diet, and emotional distress stemming from low diabetes self-efficacy.

Shariff et al. 2014

625

representative; women only

Malaysia

Cross-sectional

fasting serum glucose, lipid profile, BP

Radimer/ Cornell Hunger and Food Insecurity Instrument

Women in FI households were less likely to have elevated glucose, high total cholesterol or LDL (all p < 0.05), when controlling for sociodemographic covariates.

Sharkey 2003

279

representative; homebound older women receiving meal delivery services

USA

Case-control

self-reported doctor diagnosis of 9 diseases, plus effect of disease(s) on daily activities

4 question instrument derived from elements of food insecurity reported among elders in a previous study

Women with FI were more likely to report multimorbidity than those without FI (OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.14 - 12.0, p < 0.001).