de Cássia Ribeiro-Silva et al. 2014 | 1307 | convenience; children in public school | Brazil | Cross-sectional | frequency of asthma symptoms (wheezing) in last 12 months | Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale | Asthma severity associated with moderate FI (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.01 - 2.89) and severe FI (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.28 - 4.93) in a dose-response manner. |
Ding et al. 2014 | 6577 | representative; general population | USA | Cross-sectional | HbA1c | HFSSM | Marginally food insecure and food insecure men more likely to have undiagnosed pre-diabetes than food secure men when controlling for covariates (marginal FI OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.12 - 2.38; FI OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.28 - 3.49), but not among women. |
Fitzgerald et al. 2011 | 201 | convenience; Latina women | USA | Case-control | self-report of diagnosis of diabetes | HFSSM, short form | Individuals with FI more likely to have type 2 diabetes (OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.34 - 8.23). |
Ford 2013 | 10,455 | representative | USA | Cross-sectional | HbA1c, CRP, and cotinine; systolic BP, total cholesterol and HDL/LDL cholesterol | HFSSM | Severely FI adults had elevated HbA1c (p = 0.006), CRP (p = 0.02), and cotinine (p < 0.001), but not BP or cholesterol. Severely FI adults had increased predicted 10-year cardiovascular disease risk (adjusted prevalence ratio 2.38, 95% CI 1.31 - 4.31). |
Galesloot et al. 2012 | 314 | convenience; Canadian adults with diagnosed type 1 or 2 diabetes | Canada | Partially qualitative cross-sectional | previous diagnosis with diabetes mellitus and attending counseling sessions | HFSSM | Higher rate of FI among individuals with diabetes in active care than among a general population sample (p < 0.001). |
Gucciardi et al. 2009 | 2523 | representative; Canadians with diabetes | Canada | Cross-sectional | diabetes medication use, plus self-report of diagnoses from physicians of: diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and glaucoma | HFSSM | FI more prevalent among individuals with diabetes (9.3%, OR 8.2 - 10.4) versus without diabetes (6.8%, 95% CI 6.5 - 7.0), and associated with several indices of poor diabetes management, mental health problems, and poor quality of life. |
Hanson and Olson 2012 | 225 | representative; rural low-income adults | USA | longitudinal | being in the upper quartile of Chronic Health Conditions Index | HFSSM | Despite strong knowledge of community resources and usage of food aid programs, FI was common (occurring in 65% at some point over the 3-year study period). Enduring chronic health problems greatly increased the risk of persistent FI (OR 7.01, p < 0.01), and education beyond high school was the only factor protective against persistent FI (p < 0.05). |