| Year of publication | Number (percent) | Study population | Number (percent) |
| 2000-2006 | 5 (10) | People with CD | 19 (38) |
| 2007-2012 | 21 (41) | People with FI | 1 (2) |
| 2013-2015 | 24 (47) | General or mixed | 31 (62) |
| Study design | Chronic disease | ||
| Cross-sectional | 42 (82) | Diabetes | 39 (76) |
| Longitudinal | 3 (6) | Hypertension | 12 (24) |
| Case-control | 6 (12) | Dyslipidemia | 10 (20) |
| Asthma | 5 (10) | ||
| Study setting | Cardiovascular disease | 4 (8) | |
| USA | 32 (63) | Metabolic syndrome | 2 (4) |
| Canada | 8 (16) | Kidney disease | 1 (2) |
| Malaysia | 3 (5) | ||
| Iran | 2 (4) | FI Measurement | |
| Mexico | 1 (2) | HFSSM | 39 (76) |
| Brazil | 1 (2) | Other | 12 (24) |
| Jordan | 1 (2) | ||
| Kenya | 1 (2) | Main finding | |
| Puerto Rico | 1 (2) | Positive association-FI & CD | 42 (82) |
| Australia | 1 (2) | No positive association | 9 (18) |