| Major components | Sub-components | Relationship with vulnerability |
| Socio-demographic Profile | v Sex (gender) v Educational attainment v Household size v Annual income | The higher the educational attainment, the higher the adaptive capacity and the lower the vulnerability; the smaller the household size, the lower the dependency ratio and the higher the adaptive capacity. Also higher income from farming increases resilience and decreases vulnerability (Ali et al. 2022) |
| Nature of Farming Activities | v Years of farming experience v Farm size v Major crops cultivated v Livestock farming | The longer the years of farming experience, the high the adaptive capacity and the lower the vulnerability to climate change impacts; larger farm size are likely to increase earning and reduce vulnerability; traditionally high income generation crops such and yams and rice are likely to increase earning and reduce vulnerability (Author’s years of working with farming communities in the study area) |
| Exposure and sensitivity Factors | v Flood experience v Flood frequency v Drought experience (dry spells) v Drought frequency v Nature of rainfall v Excessive heat/heat Stress v Frequency of heat stress v Physical protection from disaster | Those farmer with longer flood exposure are likely to adapt better and build back stronger and quicker, hence have lower vulnerability; the higher the climatic extremes, the high the vulnerability; while farms with physical protection such as dykes wile experience lower exposure and reduced vulnerability |
| Social and Human Capital | v Membership of farmers groups organization v Free labour v Training/Capacity Building v Frequency of visit by extension works/officers v Early disaster warning information v Support from relatives v Households’ members health (illness) status in the last 12 months | Social organizations provide support for its member hence reduces exposure and sensitivity to climate shock which lowers vulnerability: free labour and adequate training reduces vulnerability by increase resilience capacity; early warning system activation helps in adaption, hence reduces vulnerability; good health status of family members increases adaptive capacity and reduces vulnerability |
| Natural Capital | v Access to farm Land v Size of the land you have access to v Nature of access to land | The higher the access to fertile arable land the lower the vulnerability restriction of access to land on gender or other ground can increase vulnerability by limiting the adaptive capacity of the disadvantaged gender group |
| Adaptive Capacity to climate change - Financial and communication Capitals | v Access to Credit v Household Average Annual income v Remittances from family or friends v Access to irrigation facilities v Ownership of communication gadgets v Other economic activities | Access to credit for the purpose of accessing extension services and improved inputs reduces vulnerability; remittance and access to irrigation facilities reduces exposure and increases adaptive capacities; ownership of communication gadgets helps in access to information that increase adaptive capacity; and diversification of economic base helps in building resilience to climate shocks thereby reduces vulnerability. ( |