Coastal Dams:

Coastal dams are constructed along the coast to prevent the intrusion of saltwater into estuaries or rivers. Coastal dams are effective in controlling saltwater intrusion in low-lying areas and can also be used to regulate water flow (EPA, 2023) .

Injection Wells:

Injection wells are used to inject freshwater into the aquifer to create a hydraulic barrier that prevents the intrusion of saltwater. Injection wells are most effective in areas where the freshwater aquifer is shallow (Peters et al., 2022) .

Underground Dams:

Underground dams are constructed to prevent saltwater from entering freshwater aquifers. Underground dams are most effective in areas with a deep freshwater aquifer and a thin layer of permeable soil (Armanuos et al., 2020) .