Analyst(s)

Binding gel

Binding capacity or max. Concentration

References

Metals

Chelex-100 resin

5 × 10⁻⁴ M Cd, 10-h deployment

(Zhang and Davison, 1995)

Phosphorus

Ferrihydrite

(Fe oxide, based on Fe (NO₃) 3.9H₂O) 2 μg P cm⁻² (0.4 mg·L⁻¹), 24-h deployment

(Ding et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 1998a)

Sulphide

Silver iodide

(AgI) 1 μmolcm⁻¹ (62.6 μmol·L⁻¹, 15 h)

(Teasdale et al., 1999)

Radioactive caesium

Ammonium

molybdophosphate 2.3 mg of stable Cs (equivalent to 7 GBq137Cs or 108 GBq134Cs)

(Murdock et al., 2001)

Phosphorus

Zr oxide

(based on ZrOCl2.8H₂O) > 100 μg P cm⁻² (>20 mg·L⁻¹), 24 h deployment

(Ding et al., 2010)

Sulphide

(simultaneous measurements with metals)

AgI in gel (combined use with Chelex × 100 resin) N/A

(Motelica-Heino et al., 2003)

Arsenic, phosphorus and metals

Titanium dioxide

(Metsorb~12 μg P cm⁻² (2.5 - 5 times higher than ferrihydrite)

(Bennett et al., 2010)

Phosphorus and cations

Ferrihydrite and Chelex-100

(mixed binding layer, MBL)12 μg Pongel (2.52 cm², 850 μg·L⁻¹; 75 μg Mn in gel (3 mg·L⁻¹), 24 h deployment

(Mason et al., 2005)

Phosphorus and sulphur

Zr oxide-silver iodide

(AgI) ~80 μg P cm⁻² (>20 mg·L⁻¹), 24 h deployment

(Ding et al., 2012)

Potassium and phosphorus

Mixed Amberlite and ferrihydrite

450 μg K on gel (2.54 cm²); 1.2 mg P L⁻¹, 8-h, deployment

(Zhang et al., 2013)

Phosphorus and iron

Zr oxide-silver iodide

(AgI) 90 μg P cm⁻² and 75 μg Fe cm⁻²

(Xu et al., 2013)

Arsenic

Zr oxide

159 μg As (III) and 434 μg As (V) in Fresh water per

(Sun et al., 2014)