Category

Treatment Group

Glucosamine Concentration (ng/ml)

P-value

Mean (95% CI)

(a) By sex

Female

Control (n = 93)

17.34 (5.13 - 29.55)

0.0004

Test (n = 84)

86.26 (48.33 - 124.20)

Male

Control (n = 24)

19.73 (−0.17 - 39.63)

0.0106

Test (n = 33)

136.94 (61.48 - 212.41)

(b) By age group

39 to 60 years old

Control (n = 33)

14.82 (3.60 - 26.03)

0.0896

Test (n = 40)

46.96 (13.94 - 79.97)

61 to 80 years old

Control (n = 84)

19.01 (5.08 - 32.95)

<0.0001

Test (n = 77)

128.40 (80.00 - 176.81)