Capital intensity | S1 | Fixed assets/employees |
Renewed fixed assets | S2 | Net fixed assets/original value of fixed assets |
Period cost input | S3 | Management fee/operating income |
Corporate financial leverage | S4 | (Short-term loans + long-term loans + bonds payable)/net assets |
Corporate strategic deviance | SD2 | S1-S4 are summed after industry standardization respectively, then absolute value is calculated, and finally averaged |