| Individual/ community challenge | No of studies reporting the challenge | Hospital challenge | No of studies reporting the challenge |
| False cultural beliefs and practices | 17 | Poor health worker skill | 14 |
| Ignorance and poverty | 16 | Delay in diagnosis and Treatment | 8 |
| Poor health seeking behavior | 11 | Poorly equipped laboratories | 19 |
| Late presentation | 10 | No management protocol | 18 |
| Lack of access to skilled care | 17 | Unpredictable supply of monitoring equipment | 8 |
| Patronage of quacks | 16 | Poor staffing | 14 |
| - | - | Repeated industrial actions | 13 |
| - | - | Use of fake drug | 10 |
| - | - | High cost of care and drugs | 16 |