| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) |
| A/national core sample | B/Shanghai | C/Floating population area | |||
Mathematical achievement | a1/Native | a2/Outsiders | b1/Native | b2/Outsiders | c1/Native | c2/Outsiders |
Communication frequency | −0.593** | 0.421 | 1.122 | 1.453 | 0.217 | −0.552 |
| (0.203) | (0.552) | (0.708) | (1.090) | (0.263) | (0.447) |
Relationship evaluation | 1.390*** | 0.119 | 0.306 | 0.449 | 1.329*** | 1.544*** |
| (0.173) | (0.545) | (0.568) | (1.022) | (0.230) | (0.417) |
Minority | 0.183 | −2.168 | −6.202 | −0.919 | 0.764 | 2.445 |
| (0.565) | (2.013) | (5.590) | (3.553) | (1.125) | (1.571) |
Male | −1.261*** | 0.208 | 1.356 | 0.196 | −1.354** | 0.176 |
| (0.314) | (0.962) | (1.018) | (1.745) | (0.450) | (0.770) |
Only child | 0.194 | −0.855 | 1.784 | −1.745 | 1.163* | −1.426 |
| (0.369) | (1.140) | (1.546) | (1.865) | (0.519) | (0.856) |
Mother education level | 0.474*** | 0.291 | −0.162 | −0.115 | 0.0933 | −0.0573 |
| (0.121) | (0.371) | (0.315) | (0.508) | (0.148) | (0.273) |
Father education level | 0.292* | 0.787* | 0.853* | 0.572 | 0.788*** | 0.0972 |
| (0.114) | (0.367) | (0.331) | (0.575) | (0.142) | (0.263) |
Family economic conditions | 0.305 | 0.420 | −0.210 | 2.350 | 0.360 | −0.822 |
| (0.305) | (1.022) | (1.103) | (1.764) | (0.456) | (0.938) |
School rankings | −0.425 | −1.580* | −0.0170 | −1.350 | −0.619* | −1.140* |
| (0.225) | (0.693) | (1.061) | (1.700) | (0.291) | (0.481) |
Local student ratio | 0.00950 | −3.284 | 1.077 | −4.461 | −2.602 | 2.687 |
| (1.811) | (2.904) | (3.532) | (8.334) | (1.919) | (2.306) |
Average local years of education | −0.608*** | −0.695 | 0.331 | −3.000 | −0.900*** | 0.156 |
| (0.173) | (0.480) | (1.218) | (2.134) | (0.240) | (0.361) |
C | 74.10*** | 81.49*** | 60.39*** | 101.1*** | 78.42*** | 74.48*** |
| (3.020) | (6.389) | (14.994) | (24.702) | (3.151) | (4.732) |
Sample size | 3933 | 382 | 367 | 117 | 1884 | 550 |
R2 | 0.036 | 0.041 | 0.057 | 0.098 | 0.060 | 0.048 |