Communication frequency

−0.549**

0.420

0.313

0.292

0.291

−1.031*

(0.192)

(0.510)

(0.651)

(1.144)

(0.254)

(0.437)

Relationship evaluation

1.076***

0.708

0.824

1.267

1.314***

1.498***

(0.164)

(0.504)

(0.523)

(1.073)

(0.222)

(0.407)

Minority

0.102

0.548

−11.49*

3.412

0.451

0.343

(0.535)

(1.860)

(5.145)

(3.730)

(1.088)

(1.534)

Male

−6.052***

−5.953***

−3.023**

−4.562*

−4.936***

−3.900***

(0.297)

(0.888)

(0.937)

(1.832)

(0.435)

(0.752)

Only child

0.0472

−0.101

−0.552

−3.227

0.269

−0.0921

(0.349)

(1.054)

(1.423)

(1.958)

(0.501)

(0.836)

Mother education level

0.369**

0.116

−0.237

0.192

0.0961

−0.0151

(0.115)

(0.343)

(0.290)

(0.534)

(0.143)

(0.267)

Father education level

0.408***

0.337

0.995**

0.0635

0.755***

0.181

(0.107)

(0.339)

(0.305)

(0.604)

(0.138)

(0.256)

Family economic conditions

0.291

0.443

0.255

3.077

0.625

−0.302

(0.288)

(0.945)

(1.015)

(1.852)

(0.441)

(0.916)

School rankings

−0.320

−2.118**

−0.415

−0.833

−0.583*

−0.703

(0.212)

(0.640)

(0.977)

(1.785)

(0.281)

(0.470)

Local student ratio

2.149

−4.101

1.250

7.621

−2.114

1.315

(1.713)

(2.683)

(3.251)

(8.750)

(1.855)

(2.251)

Average local years of education

−0.473**

−0.876*

−0.434

−5.778*

−0.819***

−0.295

(0.164)

(0.444)

(1.121)

(2.241)

(0.232)

(0.352)

C

72.92***

91.40***

72.47***

124.8***

78.67***

78.36***

(2.857)

(5.903)

(13.801)

(25.935)

(3.046)

(4.620)

Sample size

3933

382

367

117

1884

550

R2

0.122

0.157

0.092

0.181

0.120

0.088