Barba

(2003)

Martínez-Franzoni

(2007)

Mesa-Lago

(1994)

(Mesa-Lago, 2009)

Non Contributory Pensions

Groups

Reforms and model

Period

Up until the decade of 1970

Data

2004-2006

Decade of 1980 and beginning of the 1990 decade

Data 2004-2006

Decade of 1990

Established prior to 2010

Arg

Universalistic

State-productive

Pioneer high

1

Mixed (returned to the public system 2008)

Available for the rural and urban sectors

Bol

Exclusive

Highly familiaristic

Intermediate

3

Substitute but studying reform

Renta Dignidad not exclusively rural

Bra

Dual

State-protectionist

Pioneer-high

1

Public

(parametric reforms)

Rural prevision system since19882

Chi

Universalistic

State-productivist

Pioneer

High

1

Substitute (1981) re-reform in 2008

Available for rural and urban sectors

Col

Dual

Familiaristic

Intermediate

2

Parallel

CR

Universalistic

State-protectionist

Is an exception: late (60 - 70) but high coverage, emerges united and almost universal

1

Mixed

Available

rural and urban coverage

Cu

Universalistic

Is an exception: late (60 - 70) but high coverage statist and universal

1

Public, with parametric reforms

Ecu

Exclusive

Familiaristic

Intermediate

3

Public

Since 2003 by means test for 65+

Gua

Exclusive

Familiaristic

Late (60 - 70)-low

3

Public

Since 2005 by means test for 65+

Hai

Exclusive

Late (60 - 70)-low

3

Public

Hon

Exclusive

Highly familiaristic

Late (60 - 70)-low coverage

3

Public

Mex

Dual

State-protectionist

Intermediate

2

Substitute

(1997 y 2007)

Since 2003 universal 68+ in Mexico City; since 2007 universal 70+ in certain locations of the country

Nic

Exclusive

Highly familiaristic

Late (60 - 70)-low coverage

3

Public

Pan

State-protectionist

Intermediate (40.50)- intermediate coverage

1

Mixed (since 2008)

Since 2009, for 70+ that have no other pension

Par

Exclusive

Highly familiaristic

Late-low

3

Public

Since 2010 by means test 65+ in certain locations

Per

Exclusive

Familiaristic

Intermediate

3

Parallel

Since 2011 by means test 65+ and in certain locations

Sal

Exclusive

Familiaristic

Late (60 - 70)-low coverage

3

Substitute

Since 2003, for 70+, in the rural sector and by means test

DR

Exclusive

Familiaristic

Late (60 - 70)-low coverage

3

Substitute but allows return to the public

Uru

Universalistic

State-protectionist

Pioneer-high

1

Mixed

Available for both rural and urban sectors

Ven

Dual

Familiaristic

Intermediate

2

Public