| Variable | Definition |
| Merkle Verify (proof, v, MR) | Function to verify whether proof is the existential proof of leaf v with Merkle root MR. |
| ktagVerify (proof, ktag) | Function to verify whether ktag conforms to existential proof. |
| (epk, esk) | Key pair for encryption use. |
| (spk, ssk) | Key pair for signing use. |
| K | Symmetric key K. |
| signssk (m) | To sign message m with ssk. |
| encepk (m) | To encrypt message m with epk. |
| encK (m) | To encrypt message m with K. |
| rand (λ) | To generate a randomness of length λ. |
| H (m) | Collision-resistant hash function with input m. |