Variables | Description of subgroups according to full-scale MTUAS scores | Logistic regression results | ||||
Addiction group Frequency (%) | Normal group Frequency (%) | p | Exp (β) | 95% CI for EXP (β) | p | |
Constant | - | - | - | 3.13 | - | 0.22 |
Gender |
|
| ≤0.001 |
|
| ≤0.001 |
Male | 111 (60.7%) | 72 (39.3%) |
| 2.71 | 1.78 - 4.15 | |
Female | 170 (32.6%) | 352 (67.4%) |
| 1 | ||
Age (mean ± SD) | 20.19 ± 1.79 | 20.75 ± 2.73 | 0.04 | 0.92 | 0.84 - 0.99 | 0.04 |
University |
|
| ≤0.001 |
|
| 0.05 |
Private | 112 (54.6%) | 93 (45.4%) |
| 1.50 | 1.01 - 2.24 | |
Public | 169 (33.8%) | 331 (66.2%) |
| 1 | ||
Living with parents |
|
| 0.05 |
|
| 0.13 |
Yes | 244 (38.6%) | 388 (61.4%) |
| 0.65 | 0.38 - 1.14 | |
No | 37 (50.7%) | 36 (49.3%) |
| 1 | ||
Working |
|
| 0.96 |
|
| 0.04 |
Yes | 76 (39.6%) | 116 (60.4%) |
| 0.66 | 0.44 - 0.98 | |
No | 205 (40.0%) | 308 (60.0%) |
| 1 | ||
GPA (n = 642) |
|
| 0.16 |
|
|
|
<1.99 | 8 (38.1%) | 13 (61.9%) |
| 0.34 | 0.12 - 0.98 | 0.10 |
2 - 2.99 | 111 (37.0%) | 189 (63.0%) |
| 0.80 | 0.55 - 1.16 | 0.04 |
≥3 | 143 (44.5%) | 178 (55.5%) |
| 1 | 1 | 0.24 |
Alcohol |
|
| ≤0.001 |
|
|
|
Yes | 67 (67.7%) | 32 (32.3%) |
| 1.80 | 1.04 - 3.11 | 0.04 |
No | 214 (35.3%) | 392 (64.7%) |
|
|
| |
Smoking |
|
| ≤0.001 |
|
|
|
Yes | 82 (57.7%) | 60 (42.3%) |
| 1.76 | 1.10 - 2.82 | 0.02 |
No | 199 (35.3%) | 364 (64.7%) |
| 1 |
| |
Physical activity |
|
| 0.05 | 0.74 | 1.07 - 1.52 |
|
Yes | 187 (42.7%) | 251 (57.3%) |
|
|
| 0.73 |
No | 94 (35.2%) | 173 (64.8%) |
|
|
| |
Neck pain |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes | 115 (58.1) | 83 (41.9) | 0.50 | 0.71 | 1.05 - 1.54 | 0.84 |
No | 309 (60.9) | 198 (39.1) |
|
|
| |
Headache |
|
| 0.03 |
|
|
|
Yes | 153 (44.0%) | 195 (56.0%) |
| 1.65 | 1.16 - 2.36 | 0.01 |
No | 128 (35.9%) | 229 (64.1%) |
| 1 |
| |
full-scale MTUAS | 281 (39.9%) | 424 (60.1%) | - | - | - | - |