Variables

Description of subgroups according to full-scale MTUAS scores

Logistic regression results

Addiction group Frequency (%)

Normal group Frequency (%)

p

Exp (β)

95% CI for EXP (β)

p

Constant

-

-

-

3.13

-

0.22

Gender

≤0.001

≤0.001

Male

111 (60.7%)

72 (39.3%)

2.71

1.78 - 4.15

Female

170 (32.6%)

352 (67.4%)

1

Age (mean ± SD)

20.19 ± 1.79

20.75 ± 2.73

0.04

0.92

0.84 - 0.99

0.04

University

≤0.001

0.05

Private

112 (54.6%)

93 (45.4%)

1.50

1.01 - 2.24

Public

169 (33.8%)

331 (66.2%)

1

Living with parents

0.05

0.13

Yes

244 (38.6%)

388 (61.4%)

0.65

0.38 - 1.14

No

37 (50.7%)

36 (49.3%)

1

Working

0.96

0.04

Yes

76 (39.6%)

116 (60.4%)

0.66

0.44 - 0.98

No

205 (40.0%)

308 (60.0%)

1

GPA (n = 642)

0.16

<1.99

8 (38.1%)

13 (61.9%)

0.34

0.12 - 0.98

0.10

2 - 2.99

111 (37.0%)

189 (63.0%)

0.80

0.55 - 1.16

0.04

≥3

143 (44.5%)

178 (55.5%)

1

1

0.24

Alcohol

≤0.001

Yes

67 (67.7%)

32 (32.3%)

1.80

1.04 - 3.11

0.04

No

214 (35.3%)

392 (64.7%)

Smoking

≤0.001

Yes

82 (57.7%)

60 (42.3%)

1.76

1.10 - 2.82

0.02

No

199 (35.3%)

364 (64.7%)

1

Physical activity

0.05

0.74

1.07 - 1.52

Yes

187 (42.7%)

251 (57.3%)

0.73

No

94 (35.2%)

173 (64.8%)

Neck pain

Yes

115 (58.1)

83 (41.9)

0.50

0.71

1.05 - 1.54

0.84

No

309 (60.9)

198 (39.1)

Headache

0.03

Yes

153 (44.0%)

195 (56.0%)

1.65

1.16 - 2.36

0.01

No

128 (35.9%)

229 (64.1%)

1

full-scale MTUAS

281 (39.9%)

424 (60.1%)

-

-

-

-