Subscales

Mean (SD)

Skweness

Cronbach alpha

% of addiction

Normal group (<5)

Addiction group (≥5)

Usage subscales

E-mailing^a

3.62 (2.07)

0.72

0.84

75.7

24.3

Text messaging^a

7.53 (1.86)

−0.72

0.59

12.5

87.5

Phone calling^a

7.35 (1.95)

−0.71

0.67

14.5

85.5

Smartphone usage^a

5.75 (1.63)

0.22

0.79

35.3

64.7

TV viewing^a

5.01 (2.13)

0.19

0.65

56.5

43.5

Media sharing^a

3.10 (2.03)

1.07

0.84

83.3

16.7

Internet searching^a

5.69 (2.38)

0.11

0.86

43.0

57.0

Video gaming^a

3.50 (2.63)

0.92

0.86

75.5

24.5

General social media usage^a

5.46 (1.87)

−0.08

0.85

40.7

59.3

Use of social media subscales

Facebook friendships^b

6.10 (2.19)

−0.65

0.87

32.0

68.0

Online friendships^b

2.31 (1.50)

1.80

0.65

94.9

5.1

Attitudes subscales

Positive attitudes^c

3.96 (0.59)

−0.53

0.77

NA

NA

Anxiety/dependence^d

3.57 (0.90)

−0.45

0.81

NA

NA

Negative attitudes^e

3.54 (0.82)

−0.27

0.68

NA

NA

Preference for task switching^f

2.90 (0.72)

−0.29

0.54

NA

NA

MTUAS full-scale^g

4.75 (0.92)

0.15

0.91

60.1

39.9