Potential functions

Exponential functions

x n d x = x n + 1 n + 1 ( n 1 )

d x x = ln | x |

e x d x = e x

a x d x = a x ln a

Trigonometric functions

Hyperbolic functions

sin x d x = cos x

cos x d x = sin x

tan x d x = ln cos x *

cot x d x = ln sin x *

d x cos 2 x = tan x

d x sin 2 x = cot x

sh x d x = ch x

ch x d x = sh x

th x d x = ln ch x *

cth x d x = ln sh x *

d x ch 2 x = th x

d x sh 2 x = ch x