Cohesive Ties

Human Translator

Google-SMT

Google-NMT

Baidu-SMT

Baidu-NMT

Bing-SMT

Bing-NMT

Reference

Personal pronouns

11

12

11

7

10

10

9

Demonstratives

11

3

5

3

3

4

6

Definite article

56

47

50

73

55

39

46

Comparatives

4

8

7

6

7

8

9

Adverbs

3

1

2

3

3

3

3

Personal pronouns

11

12

11

7

10

10

9

Sub-total

85

71

75

92

78

64

73

Conjunction

Additive

44

37

47

42

45

41

38

Adversative

3

4

3

3

3

3

3

Causal

1

0

0

2

0

0

0

Temporal

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

Sub-total

49

41

50

48

48

44

41

Total

134

112

125

140

126

108

114