Scheme 1

Scheme 2

Scheme 3

Scheme 4

Scheme 5

Scheme 6

Maximum deformation/mm

0.3689

0.3791

0.3387

0.3867

0.4045

0.3729

Volume shrinkage/%

9.111

8.236

8.333

8.875

8.506

8.552

filling time/s

0.7

0.7139

0.5884

0.4628

0.5824

0.7067

Maximum residual pressure/MPa

50.42

47.19

47.78

51.18

50.35

50.31

Main weld mark location

1, 5, 6, 10

2, 7, 8

1, 5, 6, 10

3, 9, 6

2, 3, 7

3, 7, 8