| Unit Root Tests (in Level) | Test Statistic | 1% Critical Value | 5% Critical Value | |
| Dickey Fuller (DF) | Z(t) | −1.589 | −3.430 | −2.430 |
| Phillips-Perron (PP) | Z(t) | −1.031 | −3.430 | −2.860 |
| MacKinnon approximate value for Z(t) = 0.99 | ||||