Quantity

Value

unit weight of backfill soil (γ)

16 kN/m3

saturated unit weight of soil (γsat)

19 kN/m3

internal soil friction angle (f)

30˚

cohesion constant (c)

0

angle of wall friction (δ)

0.67f

suction stress parameter (χ)

0.5

suction stresses (ua − uw)

10 - 50 kPa