1. Teamwork

4.33 (0.34)

4.04 (0.61)

4.04 (0.67)

2.94 (2, 450) = 0.06^a,b*

2. Staffing

3.56 (0.62)

3.25 (0.70)

3.24 (0.59)

3.24 (2, 444) = 0.04^a,b*

3. Compliance with procedures

3.78 (0.60)

3.64 (0.69)

3.62 0.71)

0.70 (2, 447) = 0.50

4. Training and skills

3.77 (0.61)

3.36 (0.71)

3.53 (0.70)

5.52 (2, 448) < 0.01^a**,b*

5. Nonpunitive response to mistakes

4.07 (0.84)

3.77 (0.72)

3.75 (0.72)

2.49 (2, 437) = 0.08^a,b*

6. Handoffs

4.33 (0.53)

3.85 (0.66)

4.00 (0.61)

8.37 (2, 446) < 0.01^{a,b**, c*}

7. Feedback and communication about incidents

4.40 (0.42)

4.04 (0.64)

4.13 (0.60)

4.94 (2, 439) < 0.01^a**,b*

8. Communication openness

4.30 (0.48)

3.78 (0.72)

3.76 (0.69)

7.97 (2, 445) < 0.01^a,b**

9. Supervisor expectations and actions promoting patient safety

4.23 (0.54)

4.21 (0.73)

4.23 (0.68)

0.03 (2, 444) = 0.97^a,b**

10. Management

and organizational learning

3.98 (0.52)

3.53 (0.64)

3.67 (0.62)

7.10 (2, 427) < 0.01 ^a,b**,c*