1. Teamwork

Staff treat each other with respect, support each other, help out, and feel they are part of a team

2. Staffing

Sufficient staff to cope with the workload, meeting patients’ needs during shift changes, and limited turnover

3. Compliance with procedures

Staff follow procedures and do not ignore procedures to make work easier

4. Training and skills

Staff obtain the training they need, understand the training, and are trained to deal with complex patients

5. Nonpunitive response to mistakes

Staff are not afraid of reporting mistakes, are not blamed, and are treated fairly

6. Handoffs

Staff have sufficient knowledge before taking care of a patient and when a care plan is changed, and they receive sufficient information when patients are transferred from hospital

7. Feedback and communication about incidents

When staff report harm to patients, the focus is on preventing incidents and ways to keep patients safe

8. Communication openness

Staff speak about problems and their ideas are valued

9. Supervisor expectations and actions promoting patient safety

Frontline managers listen to staff ideas, provide positive feedback, and pay attention to safety problems of patients

10. Management

and organizational learning

Management provides a supportive work environment, gives safety top priority, and promotes a learning culture