Characteristic

Less Time Squatting

< 246 Minutes

N = 283

More Time Squatting

≥ 246 Minutes

N = 147

p-Value

Pain during labor

None

Mild

Moderate

Severe

0 (0.0)

20 (7.1)

85 (30.0)

178 (62.9)

2 (1.4)

15 (10.2)

46 (31.3)

84 (57.1)

0.142

Modified bishops score

<6/10

≥6/10

51 (18.0)

232 (82.0)

12 (8.2)

135 (91.8)

0.006

Labor augmentation

144 (50.9)

57 (38.8)

0.017

Need for pain relief

185 (65.4)

78 (53.1)

0.013

Pain medication

None

Nitrous oxide

Pethidine

Other

98 (34.6)

3 (1.1)

174 (61.5)

8 (2.8)

69 (46.9)

3 (2.0)

75 (51.0)

0 (0.0)

0.009

Labor duration (hours)

<6

6 - 12

>12

157 (55.5)

109 (38.5)

17 (6.0)

120 (81.6)

18 (12.2)

9 (6.1)

<0.0001

Delivery mode

Normal vaginal

Instrumental

LSCS

215 (76.0)

9 (3.2)

59 (20.9)

109 (74.2)

7 (4.8)

31 (21.1)

0.706

Episiotomy

230 (81.3)

120 (81.6)

0.927

Vaginal tears

3 (1.1)

9 (6.1)

0.004

Neonatal outcome

Normal

Observation needed

Early death

271 (95.8)

10 (3.5)

2 (0.7)

144 (98.0)

3 (2.0)

0 (0.0)

0.528

Birth weight (g)

2500 - 4500

<2500

257 (90.8)

26 (9.2)

126 (85.7)

21 (14.3)

0.108

Apgar score at 1 minute

≤3

4 - 7

>7

12 (4.2)

0 (0.0)

271 (95.8)

3 (2.0)

0 (0.0)

144 (98.0)

0.238

Apgar score at 5 minutes

≤3

4 - 7

>7

1 (0.4)

11 (3.9)

271 (95.8)

0 (0.0)

3 (2.0)

144 (98.0)

0.604

Apgar score at 10 minutes

≤3

4 - 7

>7

1 (0.4)

0 (0.0)

282 (99.7)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

147 (100.0)

1.000