Characteristic | Less Time Squatting < 246 Minutes N = 283 | More Time Squatting ≥ 246 Minutes N = 147 | p-Value |
Pain during labor None Mild Moderate Severe |
0 (0.0) 20 (7.1) 85 (30.0) 178 (62.9) |
2 (1.4) 15 (10.2) 46 (31.3) 84 (57.1) | 0.142 |
Modified bishops score <6/10 ≥6/10 |
51 (18.0) 232 (82.0) |
12 (8.2) 135 (91.8) | 0.006 |
Labor augmentation | 144 (50.9) | 57 (38.8) | 0.017 |
Need for pain relief | 185 (65.4) | 78 (53.1) | 0.013 |
Pain medication None Nitrous oxide Pethidine Other |
98 (34.6) 3 (1.1) 174 (61.5) 8 (2.8) |
69 (46.9) 3 (2.0) 75 (51.0) 0 (0.0) | 0.009 |
Labor duration (hours) <6 6 - 12 >12 |
157 (55.5) 109 (38.5) 17 (6.0) |
120 (81.6) 18 (12.2) 9 (6.1) | <0.0001 |
Delivery mode Normal vaginal Instrumental LSCS |
215 (76.0) 9 (3.2) 59 (20.9) |
109 (74.2) 7 (4.8) 31 (21.1) | 0.706 |
Episiotomy | 230 (81.3) | 120 (81.6) | 0.927 |
Vaginal tears | 3 (1.1) | 9 (6.1) | 0.004 |
Neonatal outcome Normal Observation needed Early death |
271 (95.8) 10 (3.5) 2 (0.7) |
144 (98.0) 3 (2.0) 0 (0.0) | 0.528 |
Birth weight (g) 2500 - 4500 <2500 |
257 (90.8) 26 (9.2) |
126 (85.7) 21 (14.3) | 0.108 |
Apgar score at 1 minute ≤3 4 - 7 >7 |
12 (4.2) 0 (0.0) 271 (95.8) |
3 (2.0) 0 (0.0) 144 (98.0) | 0.238 |
Apgar score at 5 minutes ≤3 4 - 7 >7 |
1 (0.4) 11 (3.9) 271 (95.8) |
0 (0.0) 3 (2.0) 144 (98.0) | 0.604 |
Apgar score at 10 minutes ≤3 4 - 7 >7 |
1 (0.4) 0 (0.0) 282 (99.7) |
0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 147 (100.0) | 1.000 |