Cell

Resting Membrane Potential

Astrocytes

20 mV higher than surrounding neurons [6]

Large peripheral nerve fibers

−90 mV [7]

Ventricular myocyte

−90 mV [8]

Nerve

−85 mV to −90 mV [7] [9]

Heart

−85 mV [9]

Glial syncytium

−80 mV to −90 mV [6]

Skeletal Muscle

−80 mV to −90 mV [7]

Spinal motor neuron

−65 mV [7]

All of soma

−65 mV [7]

Layer 5 pyramidal neuron

−60 mV to −80 mV [10]

Neutrophils

−60 mV [11]

Intestinal smooth muscle

−50 mV to −60 mV―average is −56 mV [7]

Olfactory cells (unstimulated)

−55 mV [7]

Primary Tracheobronchial Human Epithelia-Basolateral

−34 mV [11]

Liver

−28 mV to −40 mV [9]

Primary Tracheobronchial Human Epithelia-Apical

−24 mV [11]

Human Erythrocyte

−8.4 mV to −4.5 mV [9] [12]

Cellular resting membrane potential ranges from −90 mV (large peripheral nerve fibers) to −4.5 mV (red blood cell) but does not result from unbalanced ionic phase flow. Instead it measures the required work to move ions between phases [9] . There is a lack of evidence to support membrane potential in alveolar epithelial cells due to a lack of adequate culture models and complicated anatomy [11] .