| Variable | Description |
| tech_ | Technical efficiency at time t |
| L. tech_ | Technical efficiency at time t-1 |
| log_laodong_ | Natural logarithm of labor |
| log_von_ | Natural logarithm of fixed capital (assets) |
| age | Years of operations |
| age 2 | Years squared of operations |
| age 3 | Years quadatic of operations |
| equity_to_assets | Equity to total assets |
| roa_ | Return on assets |
| roe_ | Return on equity |
| own | Dummies for types of ownership Case 1: 1 if domestic firm, 0 if FDI firm (variable: grouptwo) Case 2: 0 if domestic, 1 if FDI with 100%, 2 if SOE with FDI, and 3 if PTE with FDI (variables: group1_, group2_, group3_, group4_,) |
| wage_ | Wages per person in a firm |