| CO2 Sources | Construction Materials | Fossil Fuels | Removal of Vegetation | Machinery/Vehicles | ||
| Road Life Cycle Stages | Embodied Carbon | Embodied Carbon | Direct CO2 Emission | Carbon Sequestration potential lost | Direct CO2 Emission | Embodied Carbon |
| Road Construction | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Road Operation | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Road Maintenance | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |