Element/complex anion | Concentration (ppm) | References |
Antimony | N/A |
|
Aluminum | 0.50 - 410 | USEPA, 2000 [29] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] , Alley et al., 2011 [36] ; Khan et al., 2016 [37] |
Arsenic | 0.004 - 151 | Fillo & Evans, 1990 [38] ; USEPA, 2000 [29] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Ekins et al., 2006 [39] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] |
Barium | ND - 1740 | Fillo & Evans, 1990 [38] ; USEPA, 2000 [29] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] , Alley et al., 2011 [36] ; Khan et al., 2016 [37] |
Beryllium | <0.001 - 0.004 | Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] |
Bicarbonate | ND - 14,750 | USGS 2002 [40] ; Nasiri & Jafari, 2017 [41] ; Adewumi, 2002 [42] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] |
Boron | ND - 95 | Fillo & Evans, 1990 [38] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36] ; Khan et al., 2016 [37] |
Bromide | 150 - 1149 | Fillo & Evans, 1990 [38] ; Wandera et al., 2011 [43] ; Fillo et al., 1992 [44] |
Cadmium | <0.005 - 1.21 | Fillo & Evans, 1990 [38] ; USEPA, 2000 [29] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] |
Calcium | ND - 74,185 | USGS, 2002 [40] ; Adewumi, 2002 [42] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36] |
Chloride | 2 - 254,923 | USGS, 2002 [40] ; Adewumi, 2002 [42] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36] ; Fillo & Evans, 1990 [38] |
Chromium | ND - 1.1 | Fillo & Evans, 1990 [38] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] |
Cobalt | N/A |
|
Copper | <0.002 - 5 | USEPA, 2000 [29] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] |
Fluoride | N/A |
|
Iodide | 3 - 120 | Neff et al., 2011 [24] |
Iron | ND - 1100 | Tibbetts et al. 1992 [30] ; Fillo & Evans, 1990 [38] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36] |
Lead | 0.002 - 10.2 | USEPA, 2000 [29] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] |
Lithium | 3 - 235 | USEPA, 2000 [29] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36] ; Khan et al., 2016 [37] |
Magnesium | ND - 46,656 | USGS, 2002 [40] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36] |
Manganese | <0.004 - 175 | Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36] |
Mercury | <0.001 - 0.002 | Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] |
Molybdenum | N/A |
|
Nickel | <0.08 - 9.2 | USEPA, 2000 [29] |
Nitrogen, ammoniacal | 10 - 300 | Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] |
Nitrate | N/A |
|
Palladium | 0.008 - 0.88 | Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Ekins et al., 2006 [39] ; Bhadja et al., 2012 [45] |
Potassium | 0 - 14,840 | USGS, 2002 [40] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36] |
Selenium | 0.03 - 0.04 | Hardi et al., 2019 [46] |
Silver | <0.001 - 7 | USEPA, 2000 [29] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] |
Sodium | 1 - 150.000 | Ricceri et al., 2019 [47] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Adewumi, 2002 [42] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Khan et al., 2016 [37] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] |
Strontium | 0.02 - 6250 | Fillo & Evans, 1990 [38] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Khan et al., 2016 [37] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] |
Sulfate | ND - 14,900 | USGS, 2002 [40] ; Adewumi, 2002 [42] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Khan et al., 2016 [37] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] ; Johnson et al., 2008 [48] ; Shepherd et al., 1992 [49] ; Ayers and Parker, 2001 [50] ; McIntosh et al., 2002 [51] ; McIntosh and Walter, 2005 [52] |
Tin | ND - 1.1 | Fillo & Evans, 1990 [38] ; Fillo et al., 1992 [44] |
Titanium | <0.01 - 0.7 | Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] |
Uranium | N/A |
|
Vanadium | N/A |
|
Zinc | 0.01 - 35 | Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] |