Element/complex anion

Concentration (ppm)

References

Antimony

N/A

Aluminum

0.50 - 410

USEPA, 2000 [29] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] , Alley et al., 2011 [36] ; Khan et al., 2016 [37]

Arsenic

0.004 - 151

Fillo & Evans, 1990 [38] ; USEPA, 2000 [29] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Ekins et al., 2006 [39] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33]

Barium

ND - 1740

Fillo & Evans, 1990 [38] ; USEPA, 2000 [29] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] , Alley et al., 2011 [36] ; Khan et al., 2016 [37]

Beryllium

<0.001 - 0.004

Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30]

Bicarbonate

ND - 14,750

USGS 2002 [40] ; Nasiri & Jafari, 2017 [41] ; Adewumi, 2002 [42] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33]

Boron

ND - 95

Fillo & Evans, 1990 [38] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36] ; Khan et al., 2016 [37]

Bromide

150 - 1149

Fillo & Evans, 1990 [38] ; Wandera et al., 2011 [43] ; Fillo et al., 1992 [44]

Cadmium

<0.005 - 1.21

Fillo & Evans, 1990 [38] ; USEPA, 2000 [29] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30]

Calcium

ND - 74,185

USGS, 2002 [40] ; Adewumi, 2002 [42] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36]

Chloride

2 - 254,923

USGS, 2002 [40] ; Adewumi, 2002 [42] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36] ; Fillo & Evans, 1990 [38]

Chromium

ND - 1.1

Fillo & Evans, 1990 [38] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33]

Cobalt

N/A

Copper

<0.002 - 5

USEPA, 2000 [29] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30]

Fluoride

N/A

Iodide

3 - 120

Neff et al., 2011 [24]

Iron

ND - 1100

Tibbetts et al. 1992 [30] ; Fillo & Evans, 1990 [38] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36]

Lead

0.002 - 10.2

USEPA, 2000 [29] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30]

Lithium

3 - 235

USEPA, 2000 [29] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36] ; Khan et al., 2016 [37]

Magnesium

ND - 46,656

USGS, 2002 [40] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36]

Manganese

<0.004 - 175

Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36]

Mercury

<0.001 - 0.002

Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30]

Molybdenum

N/A

Nickel

<0.08 - 9.2

USEPA, 2000 [29]

Nitrogen, ammoniacal

10 - 300

Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30]

Nitrate

N/A

Palladium

0.008 - 0.88

Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Ekins et al., 2006 [39] ; Bhadja et al., 2012 [45]

Potassium

0 - 14,840

USGS, 2002 [40] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36]

Selenium

0.03 - 0.04

Hardi et al., 2019 [46]

Silver

<0.001 - 7

USEPA, 2000 [29] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30]

Sodium

1 - 150.000

Ricceri et al., 2019 [47] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Adewumi, 2002 [42] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Khan et al., 2016 [37] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33]

Strontium

0.02 - 6250

Fillo & Evans, 1990 [38] ; Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Khan et al., 2016 [37] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33]

Sulfate

ND - 14,900

USGS, 2002 [40] ; Adewumi, 2002 [42] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Khan et al., 2016 [37] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33] ; Johnson et al., 2008 [48] ; Shepherd et al., 1992 [49] ; Ayers and Parker, 2001 [50] ; McIntosh et al., 2002 [51] ; McIntosh and Walter, 2005 [52]

Tin

ND - 1.1

Fillo & Evans, 1990 [38] ; Fillo et al., 1992 [44]

Titanium

<0.01 - 0.7

Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33]

Uranium

N/A

Vanadium

N/A

Zinc

0.01 - 35

Tibbetts et al., 1992 [30] ; Alley et al., 2011 [36] ; Utvik et al., 1999 [35] ; Yeung et al., 2011 [34] ; Cluff et al., 2014 [31] ; Warner et al., 2014 [32] ; Gregory et al., 2011 [33]