Source of literature

Individual-focused

Team-focused

Based on Bass’s research

Kark & Shamir (2002)

Individualized Consideration, Intellectual Stimulation

Charisma, Inspirational Motivation

Schriesheim et al. (2009)

Individualized Consideration, Intellectual Stimulation

Charisma, Inspirational Motivation

Wu et al. (2010)

Individualized Consideration, Intellectual Stimulation

leadership charm of behavior, leadership charm of belonging and inspiration motivation

Base on Podaskoff’s research

Wang et al. (2005)

Providing an appropriate model, identifying a vision and high-performance expectations

Wang & Howel (2010)

Individualized Consideration, Intellectual Stimulation, Personal identity

Group identity, group vision, team-building

Zhang et al. (2013)

Individualized Consideration, Intellectual Stimulation

Promote teamwork, clarify visions, role models, and deliver high performance expectations

Li, G. Q. et al. (2014)

Individualized Consideration, Intellectual Stimulation

Promote teamwork, clarify visions, role models, and deliver high performance expectations

Cai, Y. H. et al. (2013)

Individualized Consideration, Intellectual Stimulation

Team vision, role model, high performance expectations