Stage

Sources: chemical compounds; natural products (plants, marine organisms); peptides; antibodies

In vitro

Methods: high throughput screening (HTS), high content screening (HCS), surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor, yeast two hybrid

Minimizing

candidates

In vivo/Ex vivo

Animal models:

wild type

transgenic/knockout

xenograft models:

in vivo study (cultured cancer cells):

subcutaneously, orthotopically, systemically

ex vivo study (cancer tissues from patients surgically):

subcutaneously, orthotopically

Analyzing pharmacokinetics, effect and toxic side effect

Super vitro

First-line second-line treatment model

with pemetrexed-docetaxel as standard control

Accommodating to first-line and second-line treatment in clinic

In vivo

Clinical trials

Phase I: safety and dosage

Phase II: efficacy and side effects

Phase III: efficacy and monitoring of adverse reactions

Phase IV: safety and efficacy