|
| Normal Vestibular Exam | Peripheral Vestibular Exam | Central Vestibular Exam |
| Positional nystagmus (Brandt & Daroff’s maneuver) | Absent | Present (rotatory, horizontal rotatory and oblique) with latency, paroxysm, weariness, and vertigo | Present (vertical, rotatory, horizontal rotatory, and oblique), without latency, paroxysm, weariness, and vertigo |
| Calibration of the ocular movements | Regular | Regular | Irregular (alterations in latency, accuracy, and velocity of the saccadic movements) |
| Spontaneous nystagmus | Present (<7 degrees/sec) with closed eyes; absent with open eyes. | Present (>7 degrees/sec) with closed eyes; absent with open eyes. | Present with open eyes (vertical, rotatory, horizontal rotatory, oblique, cyclic, dissociated, and retractor) |
| Gaze nystagmus | Absent | Absent | Present, unidirectional, bidirectional, or mixed; presents a variety of nystagmus types |
| Oscillatory track test | Types I and II | Type III | Type IV (pathognomonic); alterations of morphology and gain |
| Optokinetic nystagmus test | Symmetrical, <20 degrees/sec | Asymmetrical, >20 degrees/sec, having superposed spontaneous nystagmus with open eyes that justifies this alteration | Asymmetrical, >20 degrees/sec, absent and reduced |
| Rotatory test | >33%, after stimulation of the lateral and upper semicircular ducts | >33%, after stimulation of the lateral and upper semicircular ducts | >33%, after stimulation of the lateral and upper semicircular ducts and absence of induced oblique nystagmus |
| Air caloric test | Absolute value: between 2 and 24 degrees/sec Relative values: Labyrinth preponderance <41% Nystagmus directional preponderance <36% | Absolute value: <2 degrees/sec (hyporeflexia), >24 degrees/sec (hyperreflexia) and areflexia Relative values: Labyrinth preponderance >41% Nystagmus directional preponderance >36% (Jongkees formula) | Absolute value: <2 degrees/sec (hyporeflexia), >24 degrees/sec (hyperreflexia) and areflexia Relative values: Labyrinth preponderance >41% Nystagmus directional preponderance >36% (Jongkees formula). Different nystagmus types may be observed: dissociated, inverted, perverted, and absence of the fast component of the nystagmus |
| Inhibiting effect of ocular fixation | Present | Present | Absent |