Parameter | Description | Value | Justification |
bp | Birth rate of pollinators | 0.9375 | 625 new bees per day throughout the year in a colony of 20,000 bees, which means 18,750 bees per month, or approximately 18,750/20,000 = 0.9375 bees per month [57] [70] . |
bm,0 | Biomass growth rate assuming no removing | 0.3 | Assumed. |
bm,1 | Difference between bm,0, and the growth rate if all biomass is removed | 0.07 | Data directly extracted from [71] . |
Km | Ecosystem’s carrying capacity for biomass | 13,140 in winter, 24,090 in spring, 19,026 in summer, 16,912 in autumn | Assumed in such a way that it matches the seasonal tendencies presented in [57] . |
G | Percentage of the road verge covered by grass | 74.1 | Assumed. |
B | Percentage of the road verge covered by brushes | 20.9 | Assumed. |
T | Percentage of the road verge covered by trees | 5 | Assumed. |
dG | Biomass on a hectare totally filled by grass | 8400 | Data directly extracted from [60] . |
dB | Biomass on a hectare totally filled by brushes | 9500 | Assumed in such a way that the value is higher than the one of grassland, but less than culture’s [60] . |
dT | Biomass on a hectare totally filled by trees | 72 800 | Based on the assumption that a road tree is ten times lighter than a forest protect tree and using data from [60] . |
KG | Number of pollinators carried per kg of grass | 1100 | Data extracted from [72] , converted to hectares and divided by grass weight. |
KB | Number of pollinators carried per kg of brushes | 1244 | Calculated assuming that dG/dG = dB/KB. |
KT | Number of pollinators carried per kg of trees | 9533 | Calculated assuming that dG/dG = dT/KT. |
γ | Proportion of biomass corresponding to flowers | 0.08 | 370,000 flowers per hectare [72] with an average weight of 3 g per flower [73] : 1110 kg as the weight of flowerson a hectare. 12,500 kg of biomass in a road verge [74] , so the ratio is 1110/12.500 = 0.08. |
υ | Weight parameter of the impact of human activity if the maintenance is done without interfering with plants life cycle | 0.05 | Assumed. |
ω | Weight parameter of the impact of human activity if the maintenance is done interfering with plants life cycle | 0.0575 | Assumed. |
α | Pollinators visit ratio | 0.019 | 0.4 visits per flower per hour, i.e. 292 visits per flower per month and 97,333 visits per kg of flower biomass per month or 0.019 visits per pollinator per kg of flower biomass per month, assuming that we have approximately 5 million pollinators [75] . |
ppp | Purchasing power parity | 0.727 | OCED public data (For France, 2020). |