Parameter

Description

Value

Justification

bp

Birth rate of pollinators

0.9375

625 new bees per day throughout the year in a colony of 20,000 bees, which means 18,750 bees per month, or approximately 18,750/20,000 = 0.9375 bees per month [57] [70] .

bm,0

Biomass growth rate assuming no removing

0.3

Assumed.

bm,1

Difference between bm,0, and the growth rate if all biomass is removed

0.07

Data directly extracted from [71] .

Km

Ecosystem’s carrying capacity for biomass

13,140 in winter,

24,090 in spring,

19,026 in summer,

16,912 in autumn

Assumed in such a way that it matches the seasonal tendencies presented in [57] .

G

Percentage of the road verge covered by grass

74.1

Assumed.

B

Percentage of the road verge covered by brushes

20.9

Assumed.

T

Percentage of the road verge covered by trees

5

Assumed.

dG

Biomass on a hectare totally filled by grass

8400

Data directly extracted from [60] .

dB

Biomass on a hectare totally filled by brushes

9500

Assumed in such a way that the value is higher than the one of grassland, but less than culture’s [60] .

dT

Biomass on a hectare totally filled by trees

72 800

Based on the assumption that a road tree is ten times lighter than a forest protect tree and using data from [60] .

KG

Number of pollinators carried per kg of grass

1100

Data extracted from [72] , converted to hectares and divided by grass weight.

KB

Number of pollinators carried per kg of brushes

1244

Calculated assuming that dG/dG = dB/KB.

KT

Number of pollinators carried per kg of trees

9533

Calculated assuming that dG/dG = dT/KT.

γ

Proportion of biomass corresponding to flowers

0.08

370,000 flowers per hectare [72] with an average weight of 3 g per flower [73] : 1110 kg as the weight of flowerson a hectare.

12,500 kg of biomass in a road verge [74] , so the ratio is 1110/12.500 = 0.08.

υ

Weight parameter of the impact of human activity if the maintenance is done without interfering with plants life cycle

0.05

Assumed.

ω

Weight parameter of the impact of human activity if the maintenance is done interfering with plants life cycle

0.0575

Assumed.

α

Pollinators visit ratio

0.019

0.4 visits per flower per hour, i.e. 292 visits per flower per month and 97,333 visits per kg of flower biomass per month or 0.019 visits per pollinator per kg of flower biomass per month, assuming that we have approximately 5 million pollinators [75] .

ppp

Purchasing power parity

0.727

OCED public data (For France, 2020).