Author | Period/Country | Methodology | Variables used | Main results | Observations |
| 1960-2009/17 OECD countries | Unit root tests with Fourier function | Unemployment rate | Presence of the hysteresis effect in 11 countries out of 17 in total | No consideration of tests with breaks |
| 1960-2008/29 OECD countries | Linear and nonlinear unit root panel tests | Unemployment rate | Linear unit root tests show the effect of hysteresis in 23 out of a total of 29 countries Nonlinear unit root tests show the effect of hysteresis in 6 countries out of 29 in total | Weaknesses of linear unit root tests compared to nonlinear unit root tests |
| 2008q1-2017q2/South Africa | Individual and panel unit root testing | Unemployment rate | Confirmation of the hypothesis for the majority of unemployment categories, except for the unemployment rate of persons aged 55 - 64 years old | No consideration of tests with breaks |
| 1991-2017/42 African countries | Fourier unit root tests with structural break | Unemployment rate | Hysteresis found in only 7 countries out of a total of 42 |
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| 1995q1-2016q2/euro area | Stochastic convergence test and detection of structural break (unit root tests with structural and nonnormal break) | Unemployment rate | Some degree of unemployment hysteresis in the euro zone; euro zone countries do not meet sufficient conditions for stochastic convergence |
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| 1983q1-2013q3/14 OECD countries | Unit root tests with structural break and break-free Fourier test and nonlinear shapes | Unemployment rate | Temporary effects of unemployment shocks in 11 countries out of a total of 14, while permanent effects are mostly infrequent. | Performance of unit root tests with structural break |
| 1960-1997/26 OECD countries | Unit root tests with two structural breaks | Unemployment rate | Unit root tests that do not detect breaks are poorly specified and overly suggestive of persistent effects |
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| 1980-1990/20 developed countries | Hodrick-Prescott filter, MCO | Unemployment rate and inflation rate | Confirmation of hysteresis theories |
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| 1981 January- December 2002/Brazil region | Unit root tests with structural break | Unemployment rate | Strong persistence of unemployment in the Brazilian region, also presence of stochastic convergence |
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| 1960-2002/West German region | Individual unit root tests with structural break and panel unit root tests | Unemployment rate | Presence of regional convergence of the unemployment rate |
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| 1960-2004/17 OECD countries | LM unit root panel tests with heterogeneous structural breaks | Unemployment rate | Strong rejection of the hysteresis hypothesis |
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| 1955-1997/16 OECD countries | Unit root tests with structural break | Unemployment rate | No persistent unemployment rate |
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