Country

ADF

LM

RALS-LM

τ ADF

τ LM

Val critLM

Break

τ RALS-LM

ρ RALS-LM 2

Break

Angola

−2.349

−4.582

−7.032

−6.375

−6.011

2002:02

2009:02

−2.274

0.682

2003:04 2010:01

Burundi

−1.683

−3.489

−7.004

−6.185

−5.828

1996:03

2008:01

−7.989***

0.740

1995:01 2012:04

CAR

−2.163

−3.401

−6.978

−6.288

−5.998

2002:03

2009:04

−4.025

0.774

1994:04 1995:03

−2.197

−4.006

−6.932

−6.175

−5.825

1998:01

2006:04

−3.239

0.958

1998:02 2006:04

D. R. Congo

−2.873

−5.426

−6.691

−6.152

−5.798

1998:04

2009:02

−5.891***

0.753

1997:04 1998:03

Congo

−2.912

−5.786

−6.821

−6.166

−5.832

2006:04

2011:02

−6.133***

0.720

2008:04 2012:01

Gabon

−2.487

−4.469

−6.978

−6.288

−5.998

2002:02

2008:03

−5.673***

0.795

2004:04 2010:01

Equatorial Guinea

−5.736***

−7.113***

−6.750

−6.108

−5.779

1997:04

2001:04

−7.027***

0.757

1995:04 1997:02

Rwanda

−1.757

−3.760

−7.004

−6.185

−5.828

1999:01

2007:04

−8.210***

0.686

2007:04 2008:03

Sao Tome and Principe

−1.669

−5.841*

−7.004

−6.185

−5.828

1999:04

2008:04

−6.376***

0.832

1999:04 2007:03

Chad

−2.790

−6.335**

−7.196

−6.312

−5.893

1999:04

2002:04

−4.789***

0.724

2002:04 2003:03

Level of sig

Val critADF

1% (***)

5% (**)

10% (*)

−4.059

−3.458

−3.154