Variable

Groups

N

Mean

SD

SE

Mean difference

t

p

Cohen’s d effect size

Negative Appraisal

Non-tortured

379

13.06

10.07

.52

−7.58

−6.88

.000

.68

Torture Survivors

123

20.64

12.18

1.10

CSTO

Non-tortured

379

6.75

4.38

.23

−4.13

−7.97

.000

.84

Torture Survivors

123

10.88

5.18

.47

PTG

Non-tortured

379

55.74

19.87

1.02

2.18

1.07

.287

.11

Torture Survivors

123

53.56

19.39

1.75

Identity Salience

Non-tortured

379

19.54

8.43

.43

−1.98

−2.16

.031

.23

Torture Survivors

123

21.52

9.92

.90

PTSD

Non-tortured

379

21.74

17.22

.89

−4.20

−2.37

.019

.24

Torture Survivors

123

25.93

16.99

1.53

PTSD Re-experiencing

Non-tortured

379

8.09

6.79

.35

−.32

−.49

.645

.05

Torture Survivors

123

8.41

6.15

.56

PTSD Avoidance

Non-tortured

379

4.55

4.07

.21

−.19

−.49

.641

.05

Torture Survivors

123

4.75

3.75

.34

PTSD Arousal

Non-tortured

379

4.63

4.75

.25

−1.83

−3.74

.000

.38

Torture Survivors

123

6.45

4.68

.43

PTSD Dissociation

Non-tortured

379

4.45

4.63

.24

−1.89

−3.70

.000

.40

Torture Survivors

123

6.34

4.99

.45

PCTD

Non-tortured

379

19.96

11.746

.61

−4.87

−3.93

.000

.41

Torture Survivors

123

24.82

12.28

1.11

PCTD-Depression/ Anxiety/Somatization comorbidity cluster

Non-tortured

379

5.41

2.92

.151

−.40

−.90

.369

.12

Torture Survivors

123

5.81

4.59

.411

PCTD-Executive control cluster

Non-tortured

379

3.58

2.83

.159

−.91

−3.17

.002

.33

Torture Survivors

123

4.49

2.72

.25

PCTD-Psychoticism- Dissociation cluster

Non-tortured

379

3.01

2.88

.15

−1.36

−4.41

.000

.46

Torture Survivors

123

4.37

3.14

.29

PCTD-Suicidality cluster

Non-tortured

379

2.12

2.83

.15

−.98

−3.28

.001

.35

Torture Survivors

123

3.11

3.05

.28