HC (n = 22)

CNP (n = 27)

FM (n = 30)

Analyses

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

F (ANOVA)

p

Post hoc

Age in years

50.73 (7.8)

47.67 (9.9)

49.83 (8.3)

0.817

0.445

—

Education in years

11.59 (1.7)

10.30 (1.5)

11.66 (1.4)

6.695

0.002

CNP < FM, HC

BDI-II

5.45 (5.4)

13.52 (10.1)

30.3 (10.0)

52.827

<0.0001

HC < CNP < FM

STAI-State

28.14 (8.8)

39.41 (14.1)

41.80 (17.1)

6.405

0.002

HC < CNP, FM

STAI-Trait

32.45 (8.5)

36.78 (14.1)

57.77 (10.9)

51.476

<0.0001

HC, CNP < FM

Paranoia Scale

29.55 (11.7)

40.59 (13.7)

59.60 (11.5)

39.954

<0.0001

HC < CNP < FM

RSES

36 (5.1)

34.41 (5.2)

24.13 (6.5)

34.959

<0.0001

FM < CNP, HC

UPPS-P negative urgency

8.09 (3.0)

9.59 (4.1)

10.60 (3.3)

3.441

0.037

HC, CNP < FM

UPPS-P positive urgency

8.91 (2.6)

9.89 (3.4)

10.56 (2.6)

2.059

0.135

—

UPPS-P lack of premeditation

6.73 (2.1)

6.48 (2.4)

7.76 (2.9)

2.047

0.136

—

UPPS-P lack of perseverance

6.36 (2.2)

5.93 (2.4)

7.63 (3.4)

2.677

0.075

—

UPPS-P sensation seeking

9.04 (3.7)

7.89 (3.3)

7.80 (2.6)

1.131

0.328

—

t-test

p

VNS current pain

—

6.37 (2.1)

5.60 (2.0)

1.403

0.166

—

VNS mean pain

—

7.56 (1.6)

7.46 (1.4)

0.221

0.826

—

VNS maximum pain

—

8.56 (1.3)

8.60 (1.2)

−0.131

0.896

—

MPQ sensory pain

—

24.33 (5.9)

28.16 (5.6)

−2.511

0.015

—

MPQ affective pain

—

17.41 (5.9)

22.40 (4.8)

−3.505

0.001

—

PCS rumination

—

10.74 (4.8)

12.10 (3.1)

−1.271

0.209

—