Classification	Detailed description	Representative research
Individual level	manage identity, maintain self-awareness	Shrum et al., 2013
	Meet the need for uniqueness and belonging	Wong et al., 2011
	Make up for threatened self-esteem	Wong et al., 2011 Jiang et al., 2015
	Relieve pressure	Brouskeli & Loumakou, 2014
	Reduce happiness	Kasser et al., 2014 Wang et al., 2017b
	Reduce life satisfaction	Tsang et al., 2014
	Reduce the quality of life	Roberts & Clement, 2007
	Less positive emotions, higher levels of depression, loneliness, anxiety and substance abuse	Kasser & Ryan, 1993, 1996; Pieters, 2013
	Reduce self-awareness, quality of relationships, and willingness to participate in community activities	Kasser & Ahuvia, 2002
Consumption level	promoting economic prosperity and social progress	Sirgy et al., 2013
	Driving fashion innovation	Goldsmith et al., 2013
	Marketing staff design promotional information	Heath & Chatzidakis, 2012
	Poor money management skills	Donnelly et al., 2013
	More gambling problems	Carver & McCarty, 2013
	Accumulate huge debts	Watson, 2003
	Compulsive consumption	Donnelly et al., 2013 Dittmar et al., 2014
	Conspicuous consumption	Podoshen, Li, & Zhang, 2011
	Positively related to consumer behavior and attitudes triggered by hedonism, image and status values	Dittmar et al., 2014 Kamal et al., 2013 Workman & Lee, 2011 Srivastava et al., 2001
Organizational level	Work hard to complete challenging tasks	Vohs, Mead, & Goode, 2006
	Increase the profits of enterprises and create funds for research and development	Richins & Rudmin, 1994 Kasser et al., 2007
	Lower quality of work life	Deckop et al., 2010
	Increase in work-family conflict	Promislo et al., 2010
	Have a negative impact on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs	Vansteenkiste et al., 2007
	Negative correlation with work-related happiness indicators	Deckop et al., 2010
	Organizational citizenship behavior and workplace deviation behavior	Deckop et al., 2015
Social level	Reduce environmental concerns and environmental responsibility	Kilbourne & Pickett, 2008 Hurst et al., 2013
	Ecological environment deterioration	Kasser, 2016
	Racism	Roets, Van Hiel, & Cornelis, 2006
	Fewer philanthropy, like individual activities and less physical contact	Vohs, Mead, & Goode, 2006
	Enhance personal material wealth and reduce the wealth of others	Chowdhury & Fernando, 2013
	Prosocial behavior reduction	Wierzbicki & Zawadzka, 2016
	Immoral behavior	Gino & Mogilner, 2014