Junior | Cadet | U-15 | U-12 | |||||||||||
Mean value (SD) | t value | Mean value (SD) | t value | Mean value (SD) | t value | Mean value (SD) | t value | |||||||
Pre (n = 13) | Post (n = 13) | Pre (n = 13) | Post (n = 13) | Pre (n = 13) | Post (n = 13) | Pre (n = 10) | Post (n = 10) | |||||||
Stress management | 12.85 (2.58) | 13.08 (2.50) | 0.56 | 13.69 (2.53) | 13.54 (2.30) | 0.41 | 13.54 (2.18) | 13.92 (2.47) | 0.73 | 14.20 (3.65) | 14.70 (3.77) | 2.24 | ||
Setting goals | 11.38 (2.40) | 12.15 (2.19) | 2.38* | 13.00 (2.24) | 13.23 (2.65) | 0.82 | 11.38 (3.01) | 14.31 (1.70) | 4.46** | 11.60 (1.58) | 10.70 (2.16) | 1.59 | ||
Thinking carefully | 11.54 (1.85) | 12.15 (2.64) | 0.98 | 13.08 (2.02) | 13.38 (2.06) | 1.08 | 11.77 (2.62) | 12.85 (1.07) | 1.75 | 12.80 (1.81) | 12.00 (1.89) | 2.75* | ||
Appreciating others | 13.92 (1.66) | 14.31 (2.06) | 1.16 | 14.62 (2.06) | 15.23 (1.30) | 1.48 | 13.77 (2.09) | 14.46 (2.15) | 2.00 | 14.60 (1.35) | 15.20 (1.14) | 2.25 | ||
Communicating | 12.69 (1.70) | 12.69 (2.18) | 0.00 | 14.46 (2.44) | 14.54 (1.98) | 0.23 | 13.69 (1.93) | 14.00 (1.87) | 0.84 | 14.10 (0.74) | 14.10 (1.66) | 0.00 | ||
Maintaining etiquette and manners | 14.23 (2.39) | 14.62 (1.76) | 0.53 | 14.69 (1.55) | 15.46 (1.39) | 2.74* | 14.15 (2.64) | 15.23 (1.42) | 2.50* | 13.70 (2.26) | 15.00 (0.82) | 1.57 | ||
Always making one’s best efforts | 12.69 (1.32) | 13.23 (2.13) | 1.40 | 13.54 (2.18) | 13.85 (2.34) | 1.30 | 13.08 (2.40) | 14.00 (1.83) | 2.22* | 13.70 (2.45) | 13.40 (1.96) | 0.50 | ||
Taking responsibility for one’s own behavior | 12.77 (1.48) | 13.23 (1.59) | 1.59 | 14.00 (1.96) | 14.23 (2.05) | 1.00 | 12.77 (1.09) | 14.38 (1.26) | 7.58*** | 13.60 (1.07) | 13.90 (1.91) | 0.52 | ||
Being humble | 13.46 (1.33) | 13.77 (1.59) | 0.81 | 13.92 (1.44) | 14.31 (1.49) | 1.59 | 13.15 (1.63) | 14.46 (1.27) | 2.85* | 13.20 (1.69) | 13.50 (1.51) | 1.15 | ||
Maintaining physical health and well-being | 12.31 (1.97) | 12.15 (1.99) | 0.49 | 14.00 (2.12) | 14.46 (1.45) | 1.59 | 13.00 (1.87) | 13.92 (1.89) | 2.52* | 13.70 (1.34) | 13.50 (1.51) | 0.31 | ||