ADHD

n = 45

Learning disorder

n = 34

Learning problems

n = 20

Main effect^a

Interaction effect^a

Before

After

Before

After

Before

After

Mean (±SD)

Mean (±SD)

Mean (±SD)

Mean (±SD)

Mean (±SD)

Mean (±SD)

p/η²

p/η²

AVL-I

17.1 (±6.0)

11.2 (±5.4)

12.5 (±6.4)

8.2 (±4.4)

15.7 (±5.8)

9.7 (±5.3)

p < 0.0001

p = 0.282^b

η² = 0.568

η² = 0.027

AVL-H/I

9.5 (±6.5)

6.6 (±4.6)

6.0 (±6.3)

4.4 (±4.2)

8.3 (±6.9)

3.8 (±4.0)

p < 0.0001

p = 0.041^c

η² = 0.331

η² = 0.066

BRIEF total

56.4 (±10.3)

51.0 (±9.2)

50.7 (±11.7)

49.5 (±10.0)

54.4 (±9.3)

47.6 (±10.1)

p < 0.0001

p = 0.006

η² = 0.271

η² = 0.101

WM index

78.4 (±12.9)

104.4 (±16.4)

75.8 (±10.8)

100.9 (±13.1)

74.9 (±15.1)

103.3 (±15.2)

p < 0.0001

p = 0.359

η² = 0.904

η² = 0.21