Catalyst source

Modification

Modification condition

Feedstocks

FAME conversion

Catalyst dose

Reference

Oyster shell

Combustion

700˚C

Soybean oil

>70% (Y), 5 h

25 wt.%

[64]

Waste eggshell

Calcination

200˚C - 1000˚C, 2 h

Soybean oil

95% (Y), 3 h

3 wt.%

[65]

Shell of Turbonillastriatula

Calcination

800˚C, 4 h.

Mustard oil

93.3% (Y), 6 h

3 wt.%

[60]

Waste fish scale (Labeorohita)

Calcination

>997.42˚C, 2 h

Soybean oil

97.73% (Y)

1.01 wt.%

[66]

eggshell

Calcination- hydration- dehydration

900˚C, 2.5 h,

60˚C, 6 h

600˚C, 3 h

Waste frying oil

94.52% (C)

5 wt.%

[67]

Industrial waste. (Eggshell, golden apple snail shell, Meretrixvenus)

Calcination

800˚C, 2 - 4 h

Palm olein oil

>90% (C), 2 h

10 wt.%

[58]

Animal bone

calcination

800˚C

palm oil

96.78% (C), 4 h

20 wt.%

[59]

Industrial eggshell

Calcination

800˚C, 4 h.

Palm oil

96.7% (C) 4 min

15 wt.%

[61]

Clamshell (Mereterixmereterix)

Calcination

900˚C, 3.5 h

Waste frying oil

97%, (C) 3 h

3.0g

[62]

Waste mussel shell

Calcination

1050˚C,

Soybean oil

100 (C), 94.1% (Y)

12 wt.%

[68]

Waste shell of mussel, cockle, scallop

Calcination

1000˚C, 4 h

Palm oil

95 % (C), 3 h

10 wt.%

[69]

Chicken bones

Calcination

900˚C

Waste cooking oil

89.33% (C)

5.0g

[63]

Angel wing shell (cyrtopleuracostata)

Calcination

800˚C, 900˚C, 2 h

Microalgae oil

84.11% (Y)

9.0 wt.%

[70]

palm kernel shell

Gasification and Calcination

800˚C, 2 h

Sunflower oil

99.0% (C)

5.0 wt.%

[71]

Animal bone modified on KOH

Calcination

900˚C,

Jatropha oil

96.1%

6.0 wt.%

[72]

Musabalbisianacolla peel

Air burning and calcination

700˚C, 4 h

Waste cooking oil

100% (C)

2 wt.%

[73]

Waste ostrich and chicken eggshell

calcination

1000˚C, 4 h

Waste cooking oil

94%, 96% (C)

1.5 wt.%

[74]

River snail shell

calcination

600˚C - 1000˚C, 3 h

Palm oil

98.5%

5.0 wt.%

[75]