| Gene | Site | Biological effect | Ethnic characteristics |
| TRIM65 | rs3744028 | Innate immunity, apoptosis | Europe [79] |
| TRIM47 | rs3744017 | Europe [79] | |
| rs1055129 | |||
| WBP2 | rs11869977 | Inflammatory response | Europe [79] |
| rs936393 | Transcriptional regulation | ||
| COX-2 | rs689466 | Inflammatory reaction | African American, Brazil [87] |
| ApoE | rs7412 | Regulating blood lipid | Denmark, France, Pittsburgh [72] |
| rs42935 | [88] | ||
| ε2, ε3, ε4 | [89] | ||
| ε2, ε3, ε4 | [90] | ||
| ε4 | Europe [91] [92] [93] | ||
| ε2, ε4 | Europe [94] | ||
| Claudin-1 | rs9290927 | Composition of blood brain barrier | The Republic of Korea [95] |
| AQP-4 | rs9951307 | Integrity and function of blood brain barrier | The Republic of Korea [96] |
| NOTCH3 | rs1043994 | Vascular smooth muscle hyperplasia | Europe [83] |
| rs10404382 | |||
| rs10423702 | |||
| rs1043997 | |||
| CETP | rs1800775 | Germany [97] | |
| ACE | rs1799752 | Regulation of systolic blood pressure and blood flow velocity | UK (white) [68] [98] |
| rs4646994 | [90] | ||
| AGT | rs699 | Australia, Rotterdam [73] [99] | |
| AGTR1 | rs5186 | The Therlands, Rotterdam [73] [100] | |
| America (White) [101] [102] | |||
| AGTR2 | C3123A | America (White) [102] | |
| CYP11B | rs1799998 | France [103] | |
| F3 | rs3917643 | Regulation of coagulation function | USA (Non Hispanic White) [78] |
| MTHFR | rs1801133 | DNA and RNA biosynthesis | Japan, Hungary, USA [104] |
| rs1801131 | [101] [105] | ||
| IL-6 | rs1800795 | Immune and inflammatory response | America (White) [74] |
| IL-10 | rs1800896 | India, Greece, Italy [106] | |
| IL5RA | rs2290608 | Spain (White) [75] | |
| ITGB6 | rs1049721 | Spain (White) [75] | |
| CAPN10 | rs7571442 | USA (Non Hispanic White) [78] | |
| NR3C1 | rs6190 | Netherlands [107] | |
| SH3PXD2A | rs12357919 | Inflammatory reaction and gliosis | Europe, African American, Spain, Asia [108] |
| SH3PXD2A | rs7909791 | ||
| EFEMP1 | rs78857879 | ||
| HAAO | rs11679640 | ||
| KITLG | rs995029 | Proliferation of vascular endothelial cells | USA (Non Hispanic White) [78] |
| BDNF | rs6265 | Nerve regeneration | America [76] |
| Taiwan, China [109] | |||
| America (White) [101] | |||
| MMP2 | rs9928731 | Neuroinflammatory reaction | USA (Non Hispanic White) [78] |
| MMP3 | rs679620 | Non Hispanic White [77] | |
| MMP9 | rs2250889 | Non Hispanic White [77] | |
| MMP13 | rs2252070 | Spain [75] | |
| ICAM1 | rs5498 | Cytoskeleton and cell adhesion | Europe [79] |
| KLC1 | rs8702 | Hungary [110] | |
| ADD1 | rs4961 | Regulating ion transport and sodium pump | Rotterdam [111] |
| A2M | rs669 | Regulating cerebral blood flow | Spain (White) [75] |
| PON1 | rs854560 | Oxidative stress | Australia, Chile [112] |
| rs662 | [73] [113] | ||
| NOS3 | rs1799983 | Netherlands, Spain (White) [100] | |
| rs1800779 | [75] | ||
| FOXF2 | rs12204590 | Lack of differentiation of vascular parietal cells | Europe [114] |