Essential oils/Source | Dietary inclusion | Performance parameter | NE lesion score | References |
Citrus, oregano and annase EOs | 1 g/kg of feed | Reduction in mortality (26% PC* vs 8% EOs). | 1.33 vs 0.58 (PC vs EOs). | [120] |
Ginger oil and carvacrol | 1.5 g/kg of feed | EOs improve BW in 100 g compared to the PC. | 3.0 vs 2.3 (PC vs EOs). | [135] |
Capsicum oleoresin and turmeric oleoresin | 4 mg of each oleoresin per kg of feed. | Improve BW (P < 0.05). | 2.8 vs 1.2 (PC vs EOs). | [136] |
Thymol and carvacrol | 0, 60, 120 or 240 mg/kg of feed | EO linearly reduce FCR (P = 0.056). | 1.5 vs <0.5 (PC vs EOs). | [134] |
Thymol and carvacrol | 120 mg/kg of feed | Reduction in mortality (20% PC vs 4% EOs). | >2 vs <1 (PC vs EOs). | [137] |
Thyme (thymol) and clove (eugenol) | Combination: Thyme 2.5 g/kg and Clove 1.25 g/kg of feed | EOs improve BWG in 200 g compared to PC. FCR 2.84 PC vs 1.88 EOs. | 3.0 vs 1.0 (PC vs Eos). | [117] |
Peppermint oil | 0.5 or 0.25 ml/ml of water | Reduction in mortality (55% PC vs 10% EOs). Improve BWG in 41 g | ND?o:p> | [138] |
Thymol and carvacrol | 120 mg/kg of feed | Reduction in mortality (20% PC vs 4% EOs). | >2 vs <1 (PC vs EOs). | [122] |
Garlic nanohydrogel | 100, 200, 300 or 400 mg/kg | EOs increase BWG 181 g, 367 g and 588 g (200, 300 and 400 mg/kg). | >2 vs <1 (PC vs 400 mg/kg EOs). | [139] |
Thyme, savory, peppermint and black pepper | 0.5, 1 or 2 g/kg of feed | Improvement in BW and FCR with 1 or 2 g/kg inclusion. | ND | [140] |
Thymol and carvacrol | 200 or 300 mg/kg of feed | Improve BWG during challenge period (P < 0.05). | ND | [141] |
Eugenol and garlic tincture | 100 mg/kg of feed | Overall FCR was improved 1.681 PC vs 1.645 EOs | 0.5 vs <0.5 (PC vs EOs—only in males). | [129] |