| Variables | Category | Case | Control | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) |
| Gestational age | <37 weeks | 74 | 14 | 23.28 (12.28 - 44.12) | AOR 24.94 (12.38 - 50.27) |
| ≥37 weeks | 57 | 251 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Twining | Singleton | 23 | 9 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Twin | 108 | 254 | 6.01 (2.69 - 13.41) | 5.42 (2.01 - 14.59) | |
| MUAC | <23 cm | 69 | 94 | 1.99 (1.30 - 3.06) | 1.790 (1.01 - 3.16) |
| ≥23 cm | 61 | 166 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Parity | Uni-para | 70 | 180 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Multi-para | 61 | 83 | 1.89 (1.23 - 2.09) | 2.19 (1.21 - 3.96) | |
| Presence of Preeclampsia | Yes | 6 | 5 | 6.26 (1.24 - 31.48) | 3.19 (0.33 - 31.25) |
| No | 125 | 261 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Presence of Malaria Infection | Yes | 28 | 24 | 2.72 (1.50 - 4.91) | AOR 3.018 (1.39 - 6.51). |
| No | 103 | 240 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Sex | Male | 68 | 159 | 1.00 | 0.636 (0.36 - 1.12) |
| Female | 63 | 105 | 1.40 (0.92 - 2.14) | 1.00 | |
| Residence | Urban | 68 | 115 | 1.41 (0.92 - 2.14) | 0.89 (0.49 - 1.60) |
| Rural | 63 | 150 | 1.00 | 1.00 |