| Mean | Standard deviation | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
Panel A. |
|
|
|
|
|
Total accruals (TAC/TA) | −0.0502 | 0.4116 | −0.1015 | −0.0402 | 0.0052 |
Non-discretionary accruals (NDAC) | −0.0092 | 0.3532 | −0.0372 | −0.0044 | 0.0193 |
Discretionary accruals (DAC) | −0.0409 | 0.2816 | −0.0918 | −0.0335 | 0.0128 |
Panel B. |
|
|
|
|
|
Market-to-book ratio | 2.07 | 5.24 | 1.04 | 1.35 | 2.01 |
Long-term leverage ratio | 0.1783 | 0.2179 | 0.0040 | 0.1283 | 0.2797 |
Total assets (in million $) | 563.683 | 2145.296 | 23.708 | 65.842 | 298.525 |
Abs. difference in ROA | 0.2060 | 3.8798 | 0.0129 | 0.0364 | 0.1001 |
Return on assets (ROA) | −0.0678 | 1.2555 | −0.0418 | 0.0231 | 0.0630 |